Two new species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae from Africa, one of which is devoid of amatoxins and phallotoxins
- Author: mycolabadmin
- 2019-06-06
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Summary
This research describes two newly discovered mushroom species from Africa belonging to a group that typically includes deadly poisonous mushrooms. One interesting finding is that while one species (A. bweyeyensis) has genes for producing toxins, it doesn’t actually produce them and is safely eaten by local people. However, the researchers warn that both species should still be considered potentially dangerous since they have the genetic capability to produce toxins.
Impacts on everyday life:
– Highlights the importance of proper mushroom identification for safe foraging
– Shows how local traditional knowledge about edible mushrooms can lead to scientific discoveries
– Demonstrates that genetic capability for toxin production doesn’t always mean mushrooms are poisonous
– Emphasizes the need for caution even with apparently safe wild mushrooms
– Contributes to our understanding of how mushrooms produce toxins, which could help treat mushroom poisoning
Background
Most representatives of Amanita sect. Phalloideae are famous worldwide for their high, often deadly, toxicity. The section comprises nearly 60 described species, with many recently described from Asia. Very few species belonging to sect. Phalloideae have been recorded from Africa and Madagascar. Most of African mycodiversity remains under-explored with only ca. 1500 taxa described to date.
Objective
To describe and characterize two new species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae discovered in tropical Africa based on morphological and molecular data. To analyze their toxin content and genetic capacity for toxin production.
Results
Two new species were described: Amanita bweyeyensis and A. harkoneniana. A. bweyeyensis grows in association with Eucalyptus and lacks detectable amatoxins and phallotoxins despite having the gene sequence for phallacidin production. A. harkoneniana was found in Miombo woodland and gardens. Both species formed a well-supported clade in phylogenetic analyses, distinct from other known African Amanita species.
Conclusion
The discovery of these two new species expands our knowledge of African Amanita diversity. The presence of toxin-producing genes but absence of detectable toxins in A. bweyeyensis represents the first documented case of this phenomenon in Amanita sect. Phalloideae. Despite the current absence of toxins, both species should be considered potentially deadly poisonous due to their genetic capacity for toxin production.
- Published in:MycoKeys,
- Study Type:Taxonomic Research,
- Source: 10.3897/mycokeys.53.34560