The Genome of the Tiger Milk Mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerotis, Provides Insights into the Genetic Basis of its Medicinal Properties

Summary

Scientists have sequenced the genome of the Tiger Milk mushroom, an important medicinal mushroom used in Southeast Asian traditional medicine. This research helps explain how this mushroom produces compounds that may benefit human health. The study revealed genes responsible for making various bioactive molecules including immune-boosting proteins and anti-cancer compounds. Impacts on everyday life: – Provides scientific basis for traditional medicinal uses of Tiger Milk mushroom – Could lead to development of new medicines and supplements from the mushroom – Helps validate traditional knowledge about medicinal mushrooms – May enable more efficient cultivation and production of beneficial compounds – Could inspire discovery of similar beneficial compounds in other mushrooms

Background

The sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Tiger milk mushroom) is a valuable folk medicine for indigenous peoples in Southeast Asia. It is used as a general health tonic for immune enhancement and to treat various ailments including cancer, asthma, bronchitis, fever, coughing, vomiting and cuts. The sclerotium is a compact mass of hardened fungal mycelium that serves as a food reserve and can remain dormant until favorable growth conditions arise.

Objective

To sequence and analyze the genome of L. rhinocerotis to understand the molecular and genetic basis of its medicinal and nutraceutical properties.

Results

The de novo assembled 34.3 Mb L. rhinocerotis genome encodes 10,742 putative genes with 84.30% having detectable sequence similarities to public databases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close evolutionary relationships to Ganoderma lucidum, Dichomitus squalens, and Trametes versicolor in the core polyporoid clade. The genome contains enzymes for carbohydrate and glycoconjugate metabolism, cytochrome P450s, bioactive proteins including lectins and fungal immunomodulatory proteins, and laccases. It is particularly enriched with genes for secondary metabolite biosynthesis, including those from polyketide, nonribosomal peptide, and triterpenoid pathways.

Conclusion

The L. rhinocerotis genome provides insights into the genetic basis of its reported medicinal properties and serves as a platform to further characterize putative bioactive proteins and secondary metabolite pathway enzymes. It will also serve as a reference for comparative genomics of polyporoid fungi.
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