Phylogenetic Taxon Definitions for Fungi, Dikarya, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota
- Author: mycolabadmin
- 2018-09-12
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Summary
This research establishes clear scientific definitions for major groups of fungi using an approach based on evolutionary relationships. This work helps scientists better understand and communicate about fungal diversity and evolution.
Impacts on everyday life:
• Provides a foundation for accurately identifying and classifying fungi that affect human health, agriculture and industry
• Helps track and understand harmful and beneficial fungi in medicine and food production
• Enables better communication and consistency in fungal research that ultimately impacts development of medicines, foods and industrial products
• Supports conservation efforts by clearly defining what organisms belong in which groups
• Aids in teaching and learning about fungi in educational settings
Background
Phylogenetic taxon definitions (PTDs) are explicit, phylogeny-based statements used to describe clades in rank-free classification. PTDs are central to the PhyloCode system but can also clarify meanings of ranked names. While not widely adopted by mycologists, PTDs have potential to help resolve taxonomic disputes and focus attention on tree topology.
Objective
To present formal phylogenetic taxon definitions for four major fungal groups: Fungi, Dikarya, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. The aim is to clarify and stabilize application of these names and provide a model for other mycologists who wish to name clades.
Results
Formal PTDs were established for each group: Fungi as the smallest crown clade containing 9 specified species; Dikarya as the smallest crown clade containing 3 specified species; Ascomycota as the largest crown clade containing Taphrina deformans but not 4 other specified species; and Basidiomycota as the largest crown clade containing Coprinopsis cinerea but not 3 other specified species. Each definition includes etymology, reference phylogenies, composition, and diagnostic apomorphies.
Conclusion
The presented PTDs help clarify the delimitation of major fungal groups while accommodating phylogenetic uncertainty. They preserve traditional taxonomic concepts while providing explicit guidelines for representing phylogenetic trees in classifications based on tree topology rather than arbitrary considerations.
- Published in:IMA Fungus,
- Study Type:Taxonomic Review,
- Source: 10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.02.05