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Current and Potential Distribution of the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Suillus lakei ((Murrill) A.H. Sm. & Thiers) in its Invasion Range

Summary

This research examined how a beneficial fungus that helps Douglas fir trees grow has spread from North America to other parts of the world. The study found that this fungus, Suillus lakei, can only expand to new areas where Douglas fir trees are present, and its spread is largely due to human activities like ornamental plant trade. Impacts on everyday life: • Shows how human activities like gardening can unintentionally spread organisms globally • Helps predict where beneficial fungi might establish in new regions • Provides insights for managing non-native species in gardens and forests • Demonstrates the importance of understanding plant-fungal partnerships in forestry • Highlights the role of climate in determining where organisms can survive

Background

Suillus lakei is an ectomycorrhizal fungus native to North America that forms obligate associations with Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). The fungus has been introduced to Europe, South America, and New Zealand along with Douglas fir plantations. Understanding the invasion ecology and potential distribution of S. lakei is important for assessing its spread outside its native range.

Objective

The study aimed to illustrate the worldwide biogeography of S. lakei based on sporocarp records and assess its suitable niche distribution using species distribution modeling. The research sought to determine the current and potential range of S. lakei, identify key climatic factors influencing its expansion, and evaluate its frequency and abundance in Poland through surveys of sporocarps and mycorrhizas.

Results

The distribution models showed high overlap between S. lakei and Douglas fir in North America, with potential for wider distribution in Europe. Douglas fir occurrence was the most crucial factor (86.4% contribution) limiting S. lakei expansion. In Poland, S. lakei was found only in gardens with imported Douglas fir seedlings, not in forest plantations. Ectomycorrhizas were rare but reliable indicators of S. lakei presence.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that S. lakei distribution is primarily limited by Douglas fir occurrence, with climate playing a secondary role. International trade of ornamental plants appears to be a key route for S. lakei introduction. The fungus shows potential for further expansion in areas where Douglas fir is present, particularly in Europe.
  • Published in:Mycorrhiza,
  • Study Type:Field Survey and Species Distribution Modeling,
  • Source: 10.1007/s00572-018-0836-x
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