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Optimization of Laccase from Ganoderma lucidum Decolorizing Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Glac1 as Main Laccase-Contributing Gene

Summary

This research explores how an enzyme from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum can be used to break down textile dyes that pollute water. The scientists found optimal conditions for the enzyme to work and identified the specific gene responsible for producing the most effective form of the enzyme. This has important real-world applications: • Provides an environmentally friendly way to treat textile industry wastewater • Reduces water pollution from harmful chemical dyes • Offers a cost-effective alternative to expensive chemical treatment methods • Demonstrates potential for developing better industrial waste treatment solutions • Shows how natural organisms can be used to solve environmental problems

Background

Over 10,000 different chemical dyes and dyeing auxiliaries are used worldwide in textile and printing industries, with global dye production estimated at approximately 800,000 tons annually. At least 10% of used dye stuffs are discharged as environmental waste. Due to their complex stable chemical structure and heavy metal content, dye effluent wastewater is resistant to biodegradation. Current removal methods rely mainly on physical or chemical processes that are expensive and can produce toxic by-products.

Objective

To investigate the optimal conditions for Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) decolorization by Ganoderma lucidum laccase and analyze the main laccase-contributing genes among the 15 laccase isoenzymes.

Results

The optimal decolorization percentage (50.3%) was achieved at 35°C, pH 4.0, and 200 ppm RBBR in 30 minutes. The mediator vanillin at 0.1 mM significantly increased RBBR decolorization to 98.7%. Decolorization percentages increased significantly in the presence of 5 mM Na+ and Cu2+, reaching 62.4% and 62.2% respectively. RT-PCR and protein mass spectrometry results showed that among the 15 laccase isoenzyme genes, Glac1 was the main laccase-contributing gene.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that G. lucidum laccases, particularly Glac1, have strong potential for removing RBBR from reactive dye effluent under optimal conditions. Higher laccase production was obtained from nutritious EPM medium compared to PD medium. Reaction parameters significantly affected laccase-mediated RBBR degradation, with mediators and certain metal ions enhancing decolorization ability.
  • Published in:Molecules,
  • Study Type:Laboratory Research,
  • Source: 10.3390/molecules24213914
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