Discovery of MicroRNA-like RNAs During Early Fruiting Body Development in the Model Mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea

Summary

This research discovered small regulatory molecules called microRNAs in mushrooms that help control their development from simple thread-like structures into complex mushroom bodies. This is significant because it helps us understand how organisms can transform from simple to complex forms. Impacts on everyday life: – Improves our understanding of how mushrooms grow and develop, which could help optimize mushroom cultivation – Provides insights into controlling fungal growth, which has applications in agriculture and medicine – Advances our knowledge of gene regulation in fungi, which could lead to better antifungal treatments – Could help develop new methods for producing medicinal compounds from mushrooms – Contributes to understanding biological complexity, which has broad implications for biotechnology

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in animals and plants, but miRNAs in fungi are less well characterized and their potential roles in controlling mushroom development remain unknown. Coprinopsis cinerea is a model mushroom particularly suited for studying fungal fruiting body development and multicellularity evolution in fungi.

Objective

To identify miRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) in C. cinerea and explore their expression patterns during early developmental transition of mushroom development, specifically examining the transition from vegetative mycelium to primordium stages.

Results

Twenty-two novel predicted milRNAs were identified, with two (cci-milR-12c and cci-milR-13e-5p) validated experimentally. Cci-milR-12c showed differential expression between developmental stages while cci-milR-13e-5p showed similar expression levels. Target prediction identified genes associated with fruiting body development including pheromone, hydrophobin, cytochrome P450, and protein kinase genes. Three Dicer-like, one Argonaute, one AGO-like and one QDE-2 proteins were identified in the C. cinerea genome.

Conclusion

The study provided first evidence for milRNAs in the model mushroom and their potential roles in regulating fruiting body development. The findings demonstrated differential post-transcriptional regulatory roles of milRNAs in different developmental stages and identified potential targets involved in fruiting body formation. The evolutionary relationship of milRNA biogenesis proteins across kingdoms provides new insights for future functional and evolutionary studies.
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