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The Possible Biotechnological Use of Edible Mushroom Bioproducts for Controlling Plant and Animal Parasitic Nematodes

Summary

This research explores how edible mushrooms could provide a natural and environmentally-friendly way to control harmful parasitic worms that damage crops and livestock. The study found that certain mushrooms produce compounds that can paralyze or kill these parasitic worms, offering a potential alternative to chemical pesticides and medications. Impacts on everyday life: – Could lead to safer and more sustainable food production methods – May reduce chemical residues in food and environment – Could help farmers protect crops and livestock more naturally – Might lower food production costs by reducing pest damage – Shows potential for recycling mushroom growing waste into useful products

Background

Parasitic nematodes cause severe economic losses in agriculture and livestock industries worldwide. Traditional control methods rely on chemical pesticides and anthelmintic drugs, which have led to resistance development and environmental concerns. The search for sustainable alternatives has increased interest in biological control methods, including the potential use of edible mushrooms (EM) and their derivatives.

Objective

To review and summarize research from the last four decades (1987-2020) on the nematocidal activity of edible mushrooms and assess their potential as sustainable tools for controlling parasitic nematodes affecting agriculture and livestock industries.

Results

Multiple studies demonstrated nematocidal activity from various edible mushroom species, particularly from the genus Pleurotus. Active compounds identified included fatty acids (pentadecanoic, hexadecanoic, octadecadienoic, and octadecanoic acids) and terpenes like β-sitosterol. Both in vitro and limited in vivo studies showed promising results for controlling different nematode species. The mechanisms of action included paralysis, immobilization, and death of nematodes through toxins and enzymatic activity.

Conclusion

Edible mushrooms, their extracts, fractions and isolated compounds show significant potential as natural control methods against parasitic nematodes affecting agriculture and livestock. However, more research is needed, particularly in vivo studies, to establish their practical application. The use of mushroom cultivation byproducts like spent mushroom compost represents a sustainable approach worthy of further investigation.
  • Published in:BioMed Research International,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: 10.1155/2020/6078917
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