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Cadmium and Lead Content in Selected Fungi from Poland and Their Edible Safety Assessment

Summary

This research examined the levels of toxic heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in commonly consumed wild mushrooms from Poland’s cleanest forest regions. Despite the area’s reputation for environmental purity, the study found concerning levels of these metals, particularly in king bolete mushrooms. While the levels were within legal limits, regular consumption could potentially lead to accumulated exposure. Impacts on everyday life: – People who frequently consume wild mushrooms should be aware of potential heavy metal accumulation risks – Even supposedly clean environments can contain concerning levels of environmental contaminants – Different mushroom species accumulate toxins at different rates, suggesting some varieties may be safer for regular consumption – This research helps inform food safety guidelines and consumption recommendations – The findings demonstrate the importance of monitoring food quality even from pristine natural areas

Background

The northeastern part of Poland is one of the least degraded areas in the country, covering the ‘green lungs’ territory with clean and naturally unique regions rich in forests. Fungi are highly biodiverse organisms that play important roles in nature, economy, environmental science, food science and health. They are widely consumed for their sensory characteristics, nutritional value and health benefits. However, mushrooms can efficiently absorb and bioaccumulate heavy metals like cadmium and lead due to their mycelium structure and large hyphae surfaces.

Objective

The aim of the study was to determine the content of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in popular species of mushrooms (Boletus badius, Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius) from the northeastern part of Poland and estimate their edible safety. The study focused on analyzing mushrooms derived from clean and low industrialized areas to assess potential contamination levels and health risks.

Results

The mean content of Cd in analyzed mushrooms ranged from 0.370 to 2.151 mg/kg dry weight, while Pb was found at levels of 0.243-0.424 mg/kg dry weight. Boletus edulis showed the highest content of Cd (2.151 mg/kg), while Cantharellus cibarius contained the highest amount of Pb (0.424 mg/kg). The estimated exposure to Cd intake expressed as percentage share in Tolerable Weekly Intake was highest in Boletus edulis at 30.87%.

Conclusion

While the obtained results did not exceed EU permissible levels for heavy metals in mushrooms, the high Cd values found in king bolete (Boletus edulis) could pose potential health risks with increased consumption. The study suggests that despite the clean environment of the region, contaminants are present in food materials. The specific bioaccumulation abilities of different mushroom species may serve as important indicators for determining both their health quality and environmental pollution levels.
  • Published in:Molecules,
  • Study Type:Analytical Research Study,
  • Source: 10.3390/molecules26237289
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