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Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanol Extract of Rice Solid-State Fermentation of Ganoderma tsugae Against CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice

Summary

This research demonstrates how a medicinal mushroom called Ganoderma tsugae can be grown on rice to produce compounds that protect the liver from damage. The scientists developed an efficient method to grow the mushroom and extract beneficial substances that help reduce liver inflammation and oxidative stress. Impacts on everyday life: • Provides a potential natural supplement option for supporting liver health • Demonstrates a sustainable way to produce medicinal compounds from mushrooms • Offers new insights into preventing and treating liver diseases using natural products • Could lead to development of functional foods with liver-protective properties • Shows promise for more efficient production of traditional Asian medicines

Background

Liver damage caused by alcohol, viruses, chemical toxins, unhealthy diet, and overwork can lead to liver cancer formation. The hepatoprotective activities of Ganodermataceae fungi have been extensively studied, with Ganoderma species showing protective effects against liver damage through various mechanisms. However, the active ingredients and underlying mechanisms of G. tsugae remain unclear.

Objective

To develop a new solid-state fermentation method for G. tsugae using rice as substrate, screen for high triterpenoid-producing strains, optimize fermentation conditions, and evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanol extract against CCl4-induced liver injury in mice.

Results

A wild G. tsugae strain G42 produced high triterpenoid content (53.86 mg/g) under optimized conditions. The ethanol extract significantly improved liver function by reducing ALT and AST levels, increasing antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH), and decreasing inflammatory factors (IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-β, IL-1β). Three main triterpenoids were identified: platycodigenin, cucurbitacin IIb, and ganolucidic acid B. The extract showed hepatoprotective effects through regulating NF-κB/NRF2-related oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways.

Conclusion

The study developed an optimized rice solid-state fermentation method for G. tsugae and demonstrated that its ethanol extract has significant hepatoprotective effects through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The extract could potentially be developed as a functional food with hepatoprotective properties.
  • Published in:Molecules,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: 10.3390/molecules27165347
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