The Interaction Between Mushroom Polysaccharides and Gut Microbiota and Their Effect on Human Health: A Review

Summary

This research examines how compounds from medicinal mushrooms interact with beneficial bacteria in our gut to improve health. These mushroom-derived substances can help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria, reduce inflammation, and potentially prevent or treat various diseases including diabetes, obesity, and inflammatory bowel conditions. The research has important implications for developing natural therapeutic approaches using mushrooms as functional foods or supplements. Key impacts on everyday life: – Eating medicinal mushrooms may help maintain healthy gut bacteria and improve digestion – Mushroom supplements could provide natural alternatives for managing metabolic conditions like diabetes and obesity – Understanding these interactions helps develop better prebiotic products for gut health – The findings support traditional uses of medicinal mushrooms in promoting overall wellness – This research provides scientific basis for including more mushrooms in a healthy diet

Background

The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem containing an estimated 100 trillion microbes in adults. It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and is closely related to host metabolism, immune regulation, energy consumption and other physiological processes. Mushroom polysaccharides are biological macromolecules extracted from the fruiting body, mycelium or fermentation liquid of edible fungi that have shown potential in alleviating various diseases by modulating the intestinal microenvironment.

Objective

This review aims to summarize the latest studies on: (1) Regulatory effects of mushroom polysaccharides on gut microbiota; (2) The effect of mushroom polysaccharide structure on gut microbiota; (3) Metabolism of mushroom polysaccharides by gut microbiota; and (4) Effects of mushroom polysaccharides on gut microbe-mediated diseases. The goal is to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the mechanism of mushroom polysaccharides in regulating gut microbiota and reference for developing mushroom polysaccharides as promising prebiotics.

Results

The review found that mushroom polysaccharides can promote human health by regulating gut microbiota composition, increasing production of short-chain fatty acids, improving intestinal mucosal barrier function, regulating lipid metabolism and activating specific signaling pathways. The biological activity is closely related to polysaccharide molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and glycosidic bond types. Polysaccharides containing glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose, as well as (1→3) and (1→6) linkages showed better regulatory effects on gut microbiota, particularly on Firmicutes, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides populations.

Conclusion

Mushroom polysaccharides demonstrate significant potential in promoting human health through modulation of the gut microbiota. However, further research is needed to fully understand the exact structural features that stimulate specific bacterial populations and validate potential mechanisms through metabolomics, metagenomics and clinical trials. The role of microbial metabolites produced from polysaccharide fermentation also requires additional investigation to comprehend the full scope of health benefits.
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