Induction of Apoptosis in HeLa Cells by a Novel Peptide from Fruiting Bodies of Morchella importuna via the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway

Summary

Researchers discovered a new peptide from morel mushrooms that can kill cervical cancer cells. This peptide works by triggering the cell’s natural death process through its mitochondria (the cell’s power plants). The simple structure of this peptide makes it promising for potential drug development. Impacts on everyday life: – Provides a new potential treatment option for cervical cancer patients – Demonstrates the medical value of edible mushrooms in fighting disease – Shows how natural compounds can be developed into targeted therapies – Highlights the importance of exploring traditional medicinal foods – Could lead to development of new cancer drugs with fewer side effects

Background

Higher fungi are a productive source of bioactive compounds with potential for drug discovery and development. Morels (Morchella spp.) are edible fungi with medicinal value that have shown therapeutic effects on respiratory disorders and indigestion in Traditional Chinese Medicine. While mushroom polysaccharides have been well-studied, there is limited research on the efficacy of mushroom peptides.

Objective

To isolate and characterize a novel peptide (MIPP) from Morchella importuna fruiting bodies and investigate its antitumor activity and mechanisms of action against human cervical cancer HeLa cells.

Results

MIPP was identified as an 831 Da peptide with the sequence Ser-Leu-Ser-Leu-Ser-Val-Ala-Arg. MIPP reduced HeLa cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with 200 μg/mL showing 59.36% inhibition. MIPP induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway by decreasing Bcl-2/Bax ratio, promoting cytochrome C release from mitochondria to cytoplasm, and activating caspase-9 and caspase-3.

Conclusion

MIPP induces apoptosis in HeLa cells through the mitochondrial-dependent pathway by modulating Bcl-2 family proteins, triggering cytochrome C release and activating caspases. The simple structure and potent antitumor activity suggest MIPP has potential as an anticancer drug candidate, particularly for cervical cancer treatment.
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