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Mycoremediation of anthraquinone dyes from textile industries: a mini-review

Summary

Textile factories create large amounts of harmful wastewater containing dyes that damage water ecosystems. Scientists have discovered that certain mushroom fungi can naturally break down these toxic dyes using special enzymes. By growing these fungi on support materials, the treatment becomes even more effective and can be reused multiple times, offering an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for cleaning contaminated water.

Background

Textile industries discharge large quantities of wastewater containing hazardous anthraquinone (AQ) dyes, which are the second most important class of nondegradable synthetic textile dyes. AQ dyes have complex, stable structures that prevent light from entering water, adversely affecting aquatic ecosystems and human health.

Objective

This mini-review summarizes the structures and classification of AQ dyes, examines degradative fungi and their enzyme systems, explores influencing factors and mechanisms of AQ mycoremediation, and discusses current research progress and future directions for fungal-based AQ dye treatment.

Results

White rot fungi such as Trametes hirsuta, Aspergillus sp., and Myrothecium verrucaria effectively degrade AQ dyes with removal efficiencies ranging from 75-96%. Immobilized fungal biomass on carriers like light-expanded clay aggregate and natural supports showed superior performance over free cells, with laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase enzymes playing key degradative roles.

Conclusion

Fungal mycoremediation represents a sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative to chemical methods for treating AQ dye-containing textile wastewater. Immobilized fungal strains show greater stability and reusability, and future research should focus on genome engineering, operational optimization, and collaborative multidisciplinary approaches to overcome technological hurdles.
  • Published in:BioTechnologia (Pozn),
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: PMID: 37064274
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