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How Do Cyclodextrins and Dextrans Affect the Gut Microbiome? Review of Prebiotic Activity

Summary

Cyclodextrins and dextrans are substances commonly used in medicines that may have unexpected health benefits for your gut bacteria. Research shows these compounds can help beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium grow better in your digestive system. When these good bacteria ferment these substances, they produce helpful compounds called short-chain fatty acids that improve overall gut health and may help with conditions like obesity and inflammation.

Background

Gut microbiota modulation through dietary components has gained significant attention for health benefits. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that promote beneficial gut bacteria growth. Cyclodextrins and dextrans are widely used pharmaceutical excipients that may possess prebiotic properties beyond their conventional roles.

Objective

This review explores the prebiotic activity of cyclodextrins and dextrans, examining their ability to influence gut microbiota composition and function. The study aims to synthesize existing research on how these compounds affect beneficial bacterial populations and short-chain fatty acid production.

Results

Both cyclodextrins and dextrans promote growth of beneficial bacteria including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli and increase short-chain fatty acid production. α-Cyclodextrin and various dextran formulations showed prebiotic effects, though results varied by type and molecular weight. Some studies showed no significant microbiota changes at certain dosages but confirmed metabolic activation.

Conclusion

Cyclodextrins and dextrans demonstrate prebiotic potential by modulating gut microbiota composition and promoting beneficial bacterial growth. Their effectiveness depends on structural properties, with modifications affecting activity. Future research should focus on clinical trials and mechanisms of action, as current studies are predominantly in vitro.
  • Published in:Molecules,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: 39598705
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