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Poly(lactic Acid): A Versatile Biobased Polymer for the Future with Multifunctional Properties—From Monomer Synthesis, Polymerization Techniques and Molecular Weight Increase to PLA Applications

Summary

PLA is an eco-friendly plastic made from renewable resources like corn and sugarcane that can break down naturally, making it a sustainable alternative to regular petroleum-based plastics. Scientists have developed various methods to manufacture PLA with different strengths and properties suitable for medical devices, packaging, and other applications. The review examines how different catalysts and manufacturing techniques affect the quality and durability of PLA products, and discusses its potential to help reduce plastic pollution.

Background

Plastic pollution and global warming have necessitated research into eco-friendly alternatives to petroleum-based polymers. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a well-known biodegradable and biobased polyester derived from renewable resources such as corn, sugarcane, and cellulose, making it a promising sustainable polymer.

Objective

This review provides a comprehensive overview of lactic acid and lactide synthesis methods, various PLA production techniques including melt polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization, and the role of catalysts in achieving high molecular weights. The work also examines practical applications of PLA in multiple industrial sectors.

Results

The review demonstrates that direct polycondensation typically yields low to medium molecular weight PLA (20,000-50,000 g/mol), while ring-opening polymerization with appropriate catalysts enables molecular weights of 80,000-250,000 g/mol. Various catalyst systems (metal-based, cationic, anionic, and enzymatic) are effective for controlling polymerization outcomes.

Conclusion

PLA represents a viable sustainable alternative to petroleum-based polymers with applications spanning biomedical, packaging, automotive, and agricultural sectors. Advanced synthesis methods and catalyst systems continue to improve PLA molecular weight and properties, though technical challenges remain in scaling production and optimizing degradation properties.
  • Published in:Polymers (Basel),
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: PMID: 34072917, doi: 10.3390/polym13111822
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