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Nanomaterials for Plant Disease Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review

Summary

Scientists are developing tiny particles called nanomaterials to fight plant diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and worms. These nanoparticles can detect infections quickly and treat diseases more effectively than traditional pesticides, while reducing harmful environmental impacts. The technology shows promise for safer, more sustainable farming that could help feed a growing global population.

Background

Plant diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes significantly reduce crop yields and food security worldwide. Excessive use of conventional pesticides has created environmental pollution and health concerns. Nanomaterials offer a promising alternative through controlled release of active ingredients with reduced exposure and ecosystem impact.

Objective

This review examines the most recent advances in using nanomaterials for diagnosing and treating plant diseases in cultivated plants. The study aims to evaluate both metallic and organic nanoparticles, including composites, for their biocompatibility, efficacy, and potential as sustainable alternatives to traditional disease management approaches.

Results

Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are the most commonly used (79% of studies), with organic and carbon-based nanoparticles showing lesser application due to toxicity concerns. Nanosensors demonstrate high sensitivity and selectivity for pathogen detection. Multiple nanomaterial-based treatments show significant disease reduction, with silver and copper nanoparticles demonstrating particularly strong antimicrobial activity.

Conclusion

Nanomaterials represent a promising sustainable approach to plant disease management with applications in diagnosis and treatment. However, more in vivo studies under international regulations are needed to ensure safety, assess ecological impacts, and establish standardized protocols before widespread implementation.
  • Published in:Plants (Basel),
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: PMID: 39339607
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