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Dosage of Sulfidized Nano Zero-Valent Iron, Soil Moisture and pH Influences on Fraction of Arsenic and Cadmium in Contaminated Paddy Soil

Summary

This study examines using tiny iron particles coated with sulfur to clean rice paddy soils contaminated with arsenic and cadmium. The researchers tested different amounts of this material, soil moisture levels, and soil acidity to find the best conditions for trapping these harmful metals in the soil so rice plants cannot absorb them. They found that using a moderate amount of the material works best and that keeping the soil wet helps prevent the metals from becoming available to plants.

Background

Rice accumulates arsenic and cadmium at elevated levels, posing serious health risks. Arsenic and cadmium exhibit distinct biogeochemical behaviors in paddy systems, making simultaneous remediation challenging. Sulfidized nano zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) has shown promise for immobilizing these contaminants.

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of S-nZVI dosage, soil moisture content, and pH levels in reducing the bioavailability and mobility of arsenic and cadmium in co-contaminated paddy soils. The study examined how these field-manageable factors influence the fractionation and transformation of these heavy metals.

Results

At 2 g·kg⁻¹ S-nZVI dosage over 90 days, residual fraction reached 83% for arsenic and 39% for cadmium. At 100% moisture content, residual fractions peaked at 83% for arsenic and 29% for cadmium. pH variations showed limited impact on remediation efficiency due to soil’s buffering capacity.

Conclusion

S-nZVI effectively immobilized both arsenic and cadmium in contaminated paddy soil across diverse environmental conditions. Optimal remediation was achieved at 2 g·kg⁻¹ S-nZVI dosage with 100% soil moisture content, with pH variations having minimal effects due to soil buffering capacity. These findings provide practical guidance for field-scale remediation strategies.
  • Published in:Nanomaterials (Basel),
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: 10.3390/nano15231768 / PMC12693212 / 41369444
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