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Changes of Active Substances in Ganoderma lucidum during Different Growth Periods and Analysis of Their Molecular Mechanism

Summary

Scientists studied how the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum changes as it grows, discovering that different growth stages contain different beneficial compounds. The budding stage was found to have the highest levels of powerful healing compounds called triterpenoids and steroids. This research helps identify the best time to harvest the mushroom to get maximum health benefits, improving both quality and standardized production for medicinal use.

Background

Ganoderma lucidum is an essential edible and medicinal mushroom in China with significant therapeutic potential for chronic diseases. However, limited understanding exists regarding the intrinsic mechanisms governing the accumulation of active components across diverse developmental stages, which impacts cultivation quality and standardized production.

Objective

To examine the dynamic alterations in metabolite accumulation and protein expression in G. lucidum throughout its growth phases using integrated metabolomics and proteomics techniques, and to identify the optimal harvesting period for maximum bioactive compound accumulation.

Results

Metabolomics identified 2043 metabolites with elevated triterpenoids, steroids, and polyphenolic compounds during BS, including Ganoderenic acids E, H, and I. Proteomic analysis revealed that CYP450, HMGR, HMGS, and ERG protein families modulate triterpenoid synthesis and decline with maturation, except for the ARE family which increased. Polysaccharides, flavonoids, and purines were higher during FS.

Conclusion

The budding stage (BS) is recommended as the optimal harvesting period for G. lucidum to maximize triterpenoid and steroid content. This integrated multi-omics study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing active substance accumulation during G. lucidum development, contributing to improved cultivation quality and standardized production.
  • Published in:Molecules,
  • Study Type:Observational Study,
  • Source: PMC11173900; PMID: 38893471
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