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Evaluation of Lipid Changes During the Drying Process of Cordyceps sinensis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)-Based Lipidomics Technique

Summary

This study examines how different drying methods affect the lipid content of Cordyceps sinensis, a valuable medicinal mushroom. Researchers compared three drying techniques—freeze-drying, oven-drying, and air-drying—and found that freeze-drying best preserves the mushroom’s beneficial lipids, while oven-drying causes significant degradation. The findings provide practical guidance for mushroom producers on selecting optimal drying methods to maintain the medicinal quality and nutritional value of this prized fungus.

Background

Cordyceps sinensis is a valuable medicinal fungus with diverse pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, immune-enhancing, and anticancer effects. The fungus is highly valued for its significant lipid constituents and high abundance of unsaturated fatty acids, making it a valuable source of phospholipids and fatty acids. Different drying methods are employed to preserve C. sinensis, but their effects on lipid quality and composition remain poorly understood.

Objective

To evaluate and compare the effects of different drying methods—vacuum freeze-drying (VG), oven-drying (OG), and air-drying (AG)—on the lipid composition and content of Cordyceps sinensis using UPLC-MS/MS-based lipidomics. The study aimed to identify lipid changes during drying and understand the metabolic pathways involved in lipid degradation and oxidation.

Results

A total of 765 distinct lipid species were identified across all samples, with glycerophospholipids (GP) being most abundant, followed by glycerides (GL) and sphingolipids (SP). Among 659 lipids with significant differences, triglycerides (TG) showed the highest concentration. OG demonstrated the most significant lipid changes with 517 down-regulated and 10 up-regulated lipids, while VG showed the least impact on lipid content. Key metabolic pathways involved glycerophospholipid, glycerolipid, and cholesterol metabolism.

Conclusion

Different drying methods have distinct impacts on C. sinensis lipid profiles, with vacuum freeze-drying (VG) being the most effective at preserving lipid content and composition, while oven-drying (OG) causes the most significant degradation and oxidation. The study provides valuable insights for quality control and guidelines for appropriate drying and storage methods to maintain the medicinal quality of Cordyceps sinensis.
  • Published in:Journal of Fungi,
  • Study Type:Comparative Analytical Study,
  • Source: PMC11677378, PMID: 39728352
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