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Ultrasound-assisted extraction of neuroprotective antioxidants from Ganoderma lucidum

Summary

This research studied how to best extract healing compounds from the reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), an important traditional Chinese medicine. Using advanced extraction techniques and computer modeling, scientists identified optimal conditions that doubled the amount of beneficial antioxidants obtained compared to conventional methods. They then tested these extracts on nerve cells in the laboratory, demonstrating that the extracts effectively protected cells from oxidative damage and injury.

Background

Ganoderma lucidum (GL), a traditional Chinese medicinal fungus, contains bioactive triterpenoids and phenols with antioxidant properties. Current extraction techniques limit efficient utilization of these bioactive components. The study aims to optimize extraction and evaluate neuroprotective potential against oxidative stress.

Objective

To optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) modeling for simultaneous extraction of triterpenoids and phenols from GL, analyze their composition, and assess neuroprotective effects in PC12 cells.

Results

Optimal extraction conditions were 320 W ultrasonic power, 74% ethanol, 61 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, and 69 minutes duration. Yields were 4.61±0.08 mg TTC and 4.53±0.09 mg TPC per gram of GL with 93.96±4.62% DPPH scavenging activity. UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS identified 20 triterpenoids (9 newly reported) and 8 phenols (7 newly reported). GL extracts protected PC12 cells by restoring morphology, enhancing viability, reducing LDH release, ROS, and MDA while increasing antioxidant enzyme activities.

Conclusion

The optimized UAE method using RSM-ANN-GA modeling significantly enhances extraction of bioactive compounds from Ganoderma lucidum with superior antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. These findings support the use of GL extracts as functional ingredients in food and pharmaceutical applications, and demonstrate the effectiveness of hybrid optimization approaches for extraction efficiency.
  • Published in:Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research,
  • Source: PMID: 40876236, PMCID: PMC12410444
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