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Breaking Down Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Using Fungal Mycelium (Part A): A Path Towards Sustainable Waste Management and Its Possible Economic Impacts

Summary

Researchers discovered that certain fungi, especially Schizophyllum commune, can effectively break down plastic waste called LLDPE through their natural enzymes. In laboratory tests, this fungus degraded plastic about 20 times faster than samples without fungal treatment over 30 days. This fungal approach is cheaper and more environmentally friendly than traditional methods like incineration or landfilling, and could help solve plastic pollution while creating jobs and using agricultural waste productively.

Background

Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) waste presents a significant environmental challenge due to its widespread use and resistance to degradation. Traditional waste management methods such as incineration, recycling, and landfilling have proven insufficient and resource-intensive. Recent research has identified fungal mycelium as a promising bioremediation solution for plastic degradation.

Objective

This study explores the potential of fungal mycelium as a sustainable solution for LLDPE waste management by evaluating mycelial growth efficiency, ligninolytic enzyme activity, weight loss, surface morphology changes, and economic feasibility of fungal biodegradation.

Results

Schizophyllum commune demonstrated the most vigorous mycelial expansion (20.53 mm/day) and highest biomass accumulation (276.87 mg). S. commune achieved the greatest LLDPE degradation (1.182% weight loss after 30 days), approximately 20 times faster than control samples. Surface morphology studies and FTIR analysis confirmed substantial erosion and formation of new functional groups (hydroxyl and carbonyl), indicating active depolymerization processes.

Conclusion

Fungal mycelium, particularly S. commune and L. sajor-caju, shows significant potential for LLDPE biodegradation through enzymatic activity and structural polymer disruption. Fungal biodegradation offers a cost-effective, environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional waste management methods, aligning with circular economy principles. Future research should focus on optimizing growth conditions, enhancing enzyme expression, and scaling industrial applications using agricultural and forestry biomass residues.
  • Published in:Life (Basel),
  • Study Type:Experimental Research,
  • Source: 10.3390/life15050755, PMID: 40430183
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