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Mitochondrial genome characterization, evolution and intron dynamics of the entomopathogenic genus Cordyceps

Summary

This research examined the genetic instruction manuals (mitochondrial DNA) of seven different Cordyceps fungal species. Scientists found that these fungi have varying amounts of genetic material, primarily due to differences in introns—sections that can be inserted or removed from genes. By comparing their genomes, researchers clarified how different Cordyceps species are related to each other evolutionarily, providing better tools for identifying and classifying these medically valuable fungi.

Background

Cordyceps is a diverse genus of insect-pathogenic fungi with significant medicinal value in traditional Chinese medicine. Complete mitogenomes of Cordyceps species have been limited in previous studies, restricting comprehensive understanding of their evolutionary relationships and genetic diversity.

Objective

To sequence, assemble, and annotate complete mitogenomes of six Cordyceps species and conduct comparative analysis with the previously published mitogenome of C. blackwelliae to characterize conserved and variable genomic features and clarify evolutionary relationships within the genus.

Results

Seven Cordyceps mitogenomes ranged from 29,929 to 51,692 bp containing 15 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, and 25-27 tRNAs with 4-21 open reading frames. Introns significantly contributed to size variation with 84 total introns detected. The rps3 gene showed relaxed selection pressure while non-conserved genes displayed dynamic evolutionary patterns. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed Cordyceps forms a distinct lineage within Cordycipitaceae.

Conclusion

This study reveals significant variation in Cordyceps mitogenomes driven primarily by intron dynamics and repetitive sequences. The comprehensive analysis enhances understanding of inter-specific variations and evolutionary dynamics, establishing mitochondrial protein-coding genes as reliable markers for resolving phylogenetic relationships within Cordyceps.
  • Published in:Frontiers in Microbiology,
  • Study Type:Comparative Genomics Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40584046, DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1605218
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