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Toxicity Characterization, Detection and Remediation of Contaminants in Soils and Groundwater

Summary

This research paper reviews new methods for cleaning up contaminated soil and groundwater caused by industries and pollution. Scientists are using advanced technologies like special sensors, artificial intelligence, and engineered bacteria to find and remove toxic chemicals more effectively. The findings show that treating contamination requires combining multiple cleanup methods together and considering the local environment, making remediation more successful and sustainable for communities.

Background

Soil and groundwater contamination from industrial activities, agricultural runoff, and urbanization represents a critical environmental and public health challenge. Toxic pollutants including heavy metals, organic chemicals, and emerging contaminants persist in the environment with bioaccumulative and carcinogenic properties. Standardized toxicity assessment frameworks incorporating both traditional ecotoxicology and modern computational modeling are essential for evaluating these risks.

Objective

This Special Issue presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in managing environmental contamination through toxicity characterization, detection techniques, and remediation strategies. The collection aims to synthesize cutting-edge research addressing critical challenges of environmental contamination and provide insights for researchers and policymakers.

Results

Research revealed that traditional risk assessment paradigms underestimate ecological risks by factors of 3-10 when based on total metal concentrations rather than speciation. Field-deployable biosensors achieved parts-per-quadrillion detection limits with six-month operational stability. Deep learning approaches identified contamination hotspots with 94-97% accuracy. Engineered zero-valent iron nanoparticles and transgenic plants demonstrated sustained remediation effectiveness over 5+ years.

Conclusion

The studies demonstrate a paradigm shift from compartmentalized treatments to holistic systems-based solutions incorporating multiple remediation techniques. Integration of advanced analytical technologies, artificial intelligence, and nature-inspired approaches offers promising prospects for addressing complex contamination scenarios. Sustainable remediation requires interdisciplinary collaboration combining scientific innovation with social equity, economic viability, and policy frameworks.
  • Published in:Toxics,
  • Study Type:Review Article,
  • Source: PMID: 40863911, DOI: 10.3390/toxics13080635
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