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Cystobacter fuscus HM-E: a novel biocontrol agent against cotton Verticillium wilt

Summary

A naturally occurring bacterium called Cystobacter fuscus shows great promise as a biological control agent against a serious fungal disease that damages cotton plants. When formulated as a solid product and applied to soil, this microorganism was able to prevent disease in over 70% of cotton plants tested in greenhouse experiments. The bacteria work by attacking and breaking down the fungal pathogen while also promoting healthier plant growth, offering farmers an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical fungicides.

Background

Verticillium wilt of cotton, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a devastating soilborne fungal disease affecting cotton production worldwide. Myxobacteria are higher prokaryotes with predatory activity against plant pathogens, showing potential as biocontrol agents. This study screened a myxobacterial strain with broad-spectrum antifungal activity from cotton field soil.

Objective

To identify and characterize a myxobacterial strain exhibiting antifungal activity against V. dahliae and evaluate its biocontrol potential against cotton Verticillium wilt. The study aimed to determine its mechanisms of action and optimize formulation for practical application.

Results

Strain HM-E was identified as Cystobacter fuscus. The solid agent formulation achieved 70.90% control efficacy against cotton Verticillium wilt compared to 23.01% for liquid fermentation broth. Crude protein fractions disrupted pathogen cell walls and membranes, induced reactive oxygen species burst, and inhibited spore germination. Several peptidases, lipases, and glycoside hydrolases were identified as potential biocontrol factors.

Conclusion

C. fuscus HM-E represents a novel and promising biocontrol agent for cotton Verticillium wilt management. The solid agent formulation with chafer frass significantly enhanced efficacy and promoted cotton seedling growth. This myxobacterial biocontrol approach offers a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides for protecting cotton production.
  • Published in:Frontiers in Microbiology,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research,
  • Source: PMID: 40143874, DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1555523
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